National Institute of Standards and Technology, which was founded in 1901 is one of the oldest US physical science laboratories. Its mission is science and technology to improve quality of life and productivity in American industry. Located in Gaithersburg, Maryland, NIST is a member of the United States Department of Commerce. The NIST staff collaborates with federal agencies to develop standards and metrics that will improve productivity, economic security, and facilitate trade. NIST is an important partner in improving the U.S.'s industrial competitiveness as well as quality assurance.
NIST's mission seeks to improve people's lives by encouraging scientific and technological innovation, developing and maintaining standards of physical measurement across the country, and encouraging the growth of U.S. industry innovation. NIST has two locations, one in Gaithersburg Maryland and one in Boulder Colorado. NIST is responsible for developing standards, metrics, best practices and conducting research to build the technological infrastructure in the United States. Its laboratories are able to support technological innovation in a wide range of fields including engineering, nanoscale science and physical measurement.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology was initially created as a metrology agency. In its early days, the Bureau of Standards concentrated on solving national problems related to science, technology and commerce. A variety of industries were served by standards, including electronics as well as electrical safety and automobile brake systems. The Bureau of Standards maintained a facility that produced optical glass. This was also used for solving multiple problems during World War I.
NIST also provides standards, metrics, best practices, and guidelines for a wide range of industries such as electronics, computers and transportation. NIST assists the industry to create procedures to improve manufacturing production. NIST also designs Federal Information Processing Standards or FIPS which are approved in part by the Secretary of Commerce.
Journal of Research of National Institute of Standards and Technology published by NIST is also an official scientific journal. The Nature Index shows NIST’s research outputs. NIST currently holds the title of North America's most important research center.
In 1988, NIST was established as the National Bureau of Standards. This was to better reflect NBS's vast mission. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1987, signed into Law on August 23, 1988 increased the NBS’s technical capabilities and gave NIST new responsibilities. The law also explicitly confirmed traditional measurement services.
NIST will offer full service in measurement. It will also extend its technology assistance and coordination of state extension services to federal technology transfer programs. To increase its reach, the program will partner with an existing network. It will also hold workshops on technological topics to ensure NIST resources are efficiently used.
NIST will continue as a strategic partner to improve U.S. industrial competivity by providing American industries with technology, standards and best-practices. NIST assists federal agencies in developing cost-effective programs and standards. It places great emphasis on national defense. Although the recommendations are not binding for private sector companies, they serve as a base for federal agencies.
FAQ
What are the 7 Rs of logistics?
The acronym 7R's for Logistics stands to represent the seven basic principles in logistics management. It was published in 2004 by the International Association of Business Logisticians as part of their "Seven Principles of Logistics Management" series.
The acronym consists of the following letters:
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Responsible – ensure that all actions are legal and don't cause harm to anyone else.
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Reliable - Have confidence in your ability to fulfill all of your commitments.
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Reasonable - make sure you use your resources well and don't waste them.
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Realistic - Take into consideration all aspects of operations including cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and other factors.
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Respectful: Treat others with fairness and equity
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Responsive - Look for ways to save time and increase productivity.
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Recognizable: Provide customers with value-added service
What jobs are available in logistics?
There are many kinds of jobs available within logistics. Here are some examples:
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Warehouse workers – They load, unload and transport pallets and trucks.
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Transportation drivers: They drive trucks and trailers and deliver goods and make pick-ups.
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Freight handlers, - They sort out and pack freight in warehouses.
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Inventory managers - These are responsible for overseeing the stock of goods in warehouses.
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Sales representatives - They sell products.
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Logistics coordinators – They plan and coordinate logistics operations.
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Purchasing agents - They purchase goods and services needed for company operations.
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Customer service representatives are available to answer customer calls and emails.
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Ship clerks - They issue bills and process shipping orders.
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Order fillers: They fill orders based off what has been ordered and shipped.
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Quality control inspectors - They check incoming and outgoing products for defects.
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Others - There are many types of jobs in logistics such as transport supervisors and cargo specialists.
What is manufacturing and logistics?
Manufacturing refers to the process of making goods using raw materials and machines. Logistics encompasses the management of all aspects associated with supply chain activities such as procurement, production planning, distribution and inventory control. It also includes customer service. Manufacturing and logistics can often be grouped together to describe a larger term that covers both the creation of products, and the delivery of them to customers.
What is the job of a production plan?
Production planners ensure that all project aspects are completed on time, within budget and within the scope. They make sure that the product and services meet client expectations.
What is the responsibility for a logistics manager
A logistics manager makes sure that all goods are delivered on-time and in good condition. This is done using his/her knowledge of the company's products. He/she also needs to ensure adequate stock to meet demand.
Statistics
- Job #1 is delivering the ordered product according to specifications: color, size, brand, and quantity. (netsuite.com)
- You can multiply the result by 100 to get the total percent of monthly overhead. (investopedia.com)
- (2:04) MTO is a production technique wherein products are customized according to customer specifications, and production only starts after an order is received. (oracle.com)
- In the United States, for example, manufacturing makes up 15% of the economic output. (twi-global.com)
- [54][55] These are the top 50 countries by the total value of manufacturing output in US dollars for its noted year according to World Bank.[56] (en.wikipedia.org)
External Links
How To
How to Use Just-In-Time Production
Just-in time (JIT), is a process that reduces costs and increases efficiency in business operations. It allows you to get the right amount resources at the right time. This means that only what you use is charged to your account. Frederick Taylor developed the concept while working as foreman in early 1900s. He noticed that workers were often paid overtime when they had to work late. He concluded that if workers were given enough time before they start work, productivity would increase.
JIT is about planning ahead. You should have all the necessary resources ready to go so that you don’t waste money. Look at your entire project, from start to end. Make sure you have enough resources in place to deal with any unexpected problems. You will have the resources and people to solve any problems you anticipate. This way you won't be spending more on things that aren’t really needed.
There are many JIT methods.
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Demand-driven: This JIT is where you place regular orders for the parts/materials that are needed for your project. This will enable you to keep track of how much material is left after you use it. This will allow to you estimate the time it will take for more to be produced.
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Inventory-based : You can stock the materials you need in advance. This allows you to forecast how much you will sell.
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Project-driven: This approach involves setting aside sufficient funds to cover your project's costs. When you know how much you need, you'll purchase the appropriate amount of materials.
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Resource-based JIT: This type of JIT is most commonly used. Here, you allocate certain resources based on demand. You might assign more people to help with orders if there are many. If you don't receive many orders, then you'll assign fewer employees to handle the load.
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Cost-based : This is similar in concept to resource-based. But here, you aren't concerned about how many people your company has but how much each individual costs.
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Price-based pricing: This is similar in concept to cost-based but instead you look at how much each worker costs, it looks at the overall company's price.
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Material-based: This is very similar to cost-based but instead of looking at total costs of the company you are concerned with how many raw materials you use on an average.
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Time-based JIT: A variation on resource-based JIT. Instead of focusing on how much each employee costs, you focus on how long it takes to complete the project.
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Quality-based: This is yet another variation of resource-based JIT. Instead of thinking about how much each employee costs or how long it takes to manufacture something, you think about how good the quality of your product is.
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Value-based JIT : This is the newest type of JIT. In this scenario, you're not concerned about how products perform or whether customers expect them to meet their expectations. Instead, your goal is to add value to the market.
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Stock-based: This is an inventory-based method that focuses on the actual number of items being produced at any given time. It is used when production goals are met while inventory is kept to a minimum.
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Just-in time (JIT), planning: This is a combination JIT/supply chain management. It is the process that schedules the delivery of components within a short time of their order. It reduces lead times and improves throughput.